Burial practices and location of the cemeteries埋葬習俗和墓地的位置 

Macao's burial rituals are diverse due to its unique cultural blend of Portuguese, Chinese communities and so on. Burial rituals are symbolic actions that enable the expression of grief and help people retain an acceptable connection with the deceased. Macao has a number of cemeteries and burial customs. The religious believers include Catholics, Buddhists, and Muslims. Portuguese who believe in Catholicism established various churches and churchyards in Macao such as the St. Miguel Arcanjo’s Cemetery. This modest church, located in the magnificent, landscaped Catholic Cemetery, was built in 1875 and is one of the best-kept buildings in Macao. It is painted in pastel green and white on the outside. The chapel is lit by a stained-glass window. This location is near Kiang Wu Hospital and Albergue SCM. This is a cornerstone of Western presence in Macao dating back to the 19th century, with Catholic elements and wonderful antiques and decor. Despite its restricted size, Macao did not have a unified centralized management of graves until the eighteenth century. Regardless of whether they were categorized as Chinese or Western cemetery, they were all spread and situated in the same location. They also built cemeteries in nearby Montanha Russa and Mongha. Despite the fact that some old-style cemeteries had previously been created during those years, the designated space quickly reached its saturation point as  well as there were no precise laws regarding the depth requirement on burial of the remains. Thus the hygienic condition was seriously bad. Aside from the Catholic cemetery, there are also Chinese cemeteries. Cemeteries in Macao are mostly far from the city center, and some are built on hillsides or slopes, such as The United Chinese Cemetery in Taipa, Macao. The Chinese have long practiced ancestor worship and place a high value on the location of their ancestors' burial grounds. According to their beliefs, the mountains behind the cemetery signify the ancestors' support and protection. Chinese graves are generally positioned facing the ocean, as this is thought to give greater Feng Shui, or the Chinese belief in environmental harmony. They believed it was a method to ensure the deceased's heirs' prosperity and good fortune. The ocean is thought to represent strength, prosperity, and good fortune, thus this tradition is founded on that concept. Finally, in addition to the Catholic and Chinese graves, the Macao Mosque is thought to have been built by Muslims who arrived with the Portuguese soldiers. The army initially recruited these South Asian Muslims. Therefore, there is also a Muslim cemetery which is Macao Mosque and Cemetery, with some tombs dating back hundreds of years, demonstrating that Islam arrived in Macao hundreds of years ago. The Islamic cemetery is actually separated into three parts: the location of the Islamic Association of Macao, the lone mosque structure in Macao, and the cemetery behind them. Such a peaceful setting is ideal for the ancestors to rest. The cemetery is lined with trees and filled with diverse trees such as jackfruit, Hainan rose apple, podocarps, yearning, and so on. A Podocarpus tree installed in the garden is the oldest Podocarpus tree in Macao; one of the oldest mango trees. These trees are said to be over a hundred years old as well.

澳門融合了葡萄牙、中國等多樣社群，形成了獨特的文化。因此澳門的埋葬儀式多種多樣。埋葬儀式是一種象徵性的行為，能夠傳遞悲傷的感情，並有助於化解悲痛，幫助人們與死者保持可接受的聯繫。澳門有許多墓地和喪葬習俗,其中宗教信徒包括天主教徒、佛教徒和穆斯林。信仰天主教的葡萄牙人在澳門建立了各種教堂和墓地，如舊西洋墳場。除了天主教墓地，還有中式墓地。澳門的墓地大多遠離市中心，也有一些建在山坡或斜坡上，比如澳門氹仔的孝思永遠墓園。除了天主教和中國人的墳墓外，澳門伊斯蘭清真寺及墳場被認為是由與葡萄牙士兵一起抵達的穆斯林建造的。在清真寺內，還有一個穆斯林墓地，一些墳墓可以追溯到數百年前，這表明伊斯蘭教在數百年前來到澳門。伊斯蘭教墓地實際上分為三個部分:澳門伊斯蘭教協會所在地，澳門唯一的清真寺，以及它們後面的墓地。這樣一個寧靜的環境是祖先們休息的理想場所。墓園綠樹成蔭，種滿了菠蘿蜜、蒲桃、豆蔻、相思等多種樹木。園內栽種的羅漢松樹是澳門最古老的羅漢松樹;還有一顆古老的芒果樹。據說這些樹也有一百多年的歷史了。

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Cemeteries are a valuable cultural heritage. Meanwhile, they are tangible links to collective histories and tactile recollections of long-lost loved ones. When cemeteries are harmed in natural catastrophes, emotional ties become vulnerable. When cemeteries are not properly maintained, the effects of catastrophes such as floods, typhoons, acid rain and wildfires can exacerbate years of deterioration. Although cemeteries are a sensitive subject, it is critical for emergency managers and those working in the mitigation field to examine how they might assist cemeteries in building resilience. However, climate change threatens the protection of cultural heritage related to Macao's funeral customs. In the past, flooding and landslides have occurred in various cemeteries in Macao, causing serious damage and raising concerns about the safety of these cemeteries.

墓地是珍貴的文化遺產，同時它們也是與集體歷史和失散多年的親人的觸覺回憶的有形聯繫。當墓地在自然災害中受到影響時，這種情感紐帶會變得脆弱。如果墓地維護不當，洪水、颱風、酸雨和野火等災難的影響可能會加劇惡化。儘管墓地是一個敏感的話題，但對於工作人員來說，研究如何幫助墓地建立抵禦能力至關重要。然而，氣候變化威脅到與澳門喪葬習俗有關的文化遺產的保護。過去，澳門多個墓地曾發生水浸和山體滑坡事件，造成嚴重破壞，並引發人們對這些墓地安全的擔憂。 

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In addition, cremation emits harmful gases such as mercury and dioxins, and one cremation requires the same energy as the average person uses in a month. Technological advancements such as mercury filtration technology are helping the cremation industry further reduce carbon emissions and become a more sustainable funeral service. Because of cremation concerns, some people are looking for greener alternatives. One of the processes known as "hydration" is essentially a method of dissolving the body. It uses a heated bath of potassium hydroxide and water that can be safely disposed of through the sewer. Another option is to convert dead bodies into compost, which has recently been legalized. Furthermore, some people may choose to use "cardboard coffins" in order to reduce emissions.

此外，火葬會排放汞和二惡英等有害氣體，一次火化所需的能量與普通人一個月所用的能量相同。汞過濾技術等技術進步正在幫助火化行業進一步減少碳排放，成為一種更可持續的殯葬服務。由於火化問題，一些人正在尋找更環保的替代品。其中，被稱為“水化”的過程本質上是一種溶解身體的方法。它使用氫氧化鉀和水的加熱浴，可以安全地在下水道進行處理。另一種選擇是將屍體轉化為堆肥，這一做法最近已合法化。最後，為了減少排放，一些人可能會選擇使用“紙板棺材”。